Definition of Diabetes:-
Chronic, irreversible metabolic disease in which an excess of glucose or sugar in the blood and urine occur, it is due to cheap secretion of the hormone insulin or a deficiency of its action.
Type 1 diabetes
The most common age that appears is childhood, adolescence and early adulthood. It usually occurs suddenly and often independent of family history.
The causes of type 1(one) diabetes are mostly the progressive devastation of pancreatic cells that produce insulin. This should be administered artificially from the beginning of the disease. Their fastidious symptoms are raising the need to enhance drink and urination, feeling of weight loss, although tired and increased appetite.
Type 2 diabetes
It usually occurs at a later age and is approximately ten times more frequent than in the past. Typically, type 2 diabetes is diagnosed or suffered by other family members.
It is due to the low production of insulin, along with the under utilization of this substance by the cells. Depending on the two predominant defects, the patient should be treated with anti-diabetic medications or insulin (or with a combination of both). In these cases, the patient usually does not present any type of discomfort, nor precise symptom, causes why it can go ignored by the fascinated one for a long time.
Causes of 2nd type diabetes:
Inherent factor, Type 2nd diabetes has a greater hereditary risk of type 1. In almost all cases, a parent or grandparent has the disease. In the case of like twins, if one has the illness, the other has a growth of 80%.
Way of life, 83% of people with type 2nd diabetes are flabby. The remaining percentage is often a hereditary defect that causes insulin resistance.
GDM Stand for (Gestational Diabetes Mellitus)
A woman is assumed to have gestational diabetes mellitus at diagnosis, for the first time during pregnancy. When a woman develops diabetes during pregnancy, usually at an advanced stage occurs and results from the fact that the body can’t produce enough insulin or the need to use of gestation.
Because gestational diabetes usually develops at an advanced stage of pregnancy, the baby is well-formed, though still growing. The risk to the child is therefore lower than those whose mothers have diabetes type 1 or type 2 diabetes before pregnancy. conversely, women with GDM should also verify their blood glucose point, in order to minimize the risks for the child. This can usually be done through a healthy diet, but it may also be necessary to use insulin or oral medications.
Mother gestational diabetes usually goes away after childbirth. However, women who have had GDM are at increased risk of developing type 2 over time. Babies born to mothers with gestational have a high risk of rising fatness and type 2nd diabetes in adulthood.
The prevention of cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients
It is necessary to control other cardiovascular risk factors, especially hypertension, smoking and cholesterol.
If you are overweight, you should drop your weight.
Regularly bodily active.
Glycemic control: glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <7% (or <7.5% according to patients); Fasting blood glucose (measures before meals): 70-130 mg / dl; sugar postprandial blood (after eating): <180 dl.
Early identification of diabetics with cardiovascular disease (when they are still asymptomatic) is the best tactic to reduce the complications and mortality from this cause.
Maintain good blood pressure <130 or 80 mmHg.
Their cure target: LDL <100 mg / dL (or less than 70 mg / dL), HDL cholesterol> 50 mg / dl and triglycerides <150 mg / dL.
Diabetes Treatment
In the case of type 1 diabetes, the treatment is always insulin for life.
In type 2 diabetes, in general, you can start with a heart – healthy diet and exercise program. If this is not enough, your doctor may recommend taking oral medications. When remedy are not sufficient, you need to add insulin.
healthy diet for the heart
saturated fat intake should be less than 7 percent of total calories.
The olive oil should be the predominant fat.
The reduction or elimination of animal fats: butter, cream and bacon, And ‘preferable to replace the consumption of fish.
Meat, fish and eggs are rich in protein and also contain fat, but not carbohydrates.
Eating small, several times a day, avoiding large meals and sugars rapidly absorbed substantial increase in blood glucose levels.
Operating cardiosaludable
Physical activity controls glucose levels in the blood, reduces excess weight, improves the quality of life of patients and avoid possible complications that may arise from the development of the disease. The ideal for most diabetics exercise is walking, running or cycling. In the casing of neuropathy or diabetic foot, keep away from exercises with the danger of strain.